The medial wall of the left mesenteric sinus is formed by:

What is the epiploic (omental) foramen bounded above by:

Where can you palpate pulsation of the posterior tibial artery?

What anatomical structure is located on the internal base of the skull between the greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone?

A 70-year-old woman undergoes a gastrectomy for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Her physician informs her that she will need to take intramuscular vitamin B12 shots for the rest of her life. Absence of which of the following cell types are responsible for this vitamin replacement requirement?

A young boy presents with failure to thrive. Biochemical analysis of a duodenal aspirate after a meal reveals a deficiency of enteropeptidase (enterokinase). The levels of which the following digestive enzymes would be affected?

A 30-year-old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone:

A patient has a trauma of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration:

A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?

A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?

END OF ROUND ONE

The sick, 70 years old with atherosclerosis, felt pain in the left foot and did not consult the doctor. While checking up, the foot is enlarged, tissues are slack, black of colour and macerated. Demarcation zone is not evident. Diagnose the pathological process:

The dead who died of chronic impaired cardial function on postmortem examination " tiger heart w' was found. From the side of the endocardium, one can see yellowish-white banding, myocardium is dull and loamy-yellow. What process determined this pathology?

On postmortem examination of a 65 years old sick man, who died of chronic impaired cardiac function as a result of rheumatic heart disease, lungs are brown, enlarged and dense. How are such changes called?

In the mucus of the sick with mitral heart insufficiency, cells with brown pigment were found. Perl's reaction is positive. What pigment is this?

During autopsy the following has been revealed: the meninges of the upper cerebral hemispheres are extremely plethoric, of yellow-green color and are soaked with purulent effluent. What kind of meningitis is characterised by such clinical presentations?

During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?

An injection of galantamine hydrobromide was made to a woman 63 years old after ischemic stroke. Her condition has considerably improved. What is the mechanism of this medication effect?

A 50 year old male farm worker has been brought to the emergency room. He was found confused in the orchard and since then has remained unconscious. His heart rate is 45 and his blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. He is sweating and salivating profusely. What should be prescribed?

A patient suffering from syphilis has been treated with bismuth preparations. As a result of it some grey spots turned up on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity; nephropathy symptoms were also present. What drug should be used for treatment of bismuth intoxication?

A patient with chronic heart failure with edema has increased level of blood aldosterone. What diuretic would be most effective in this case?

END OF ROUND 2

Periodic renal colic attacks are observed in a woman with primary hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasonic examination revealed small stones in the kidneys. What is the most plausible reason of the stone’s formation?

Which of the following presentation result from both hepatocellular insufficiency and portal hypertension?

Kayser-Fleischer rings in eyes are a finding in?

The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, whose accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:

Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:

Which of the following is related to Alport’s syndrome ?

Which of the following is the hallmark of “proliferative” diabetic retinopathy?

ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change?

A 34-year-old patient was diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis 3 years ago. Edema have developed within the last 6 months. What caused the edema?

A patient with serious da-mage of muscular tissue was admitted to the traumatological department. What biochemical urine index will be increased in this case?

END OF ROUND 3

A 54 years old man takes propranolol for the treatment of essential hypertension. He also suffers from diabetes mellitus 2 type. Suddenly severe hypoglycemic coma has developed. Administration glucose solution intravenously was not effectively. You have epinephrine and glucagon. Which drug is preferable in this case and why?

A 37-year-old previously healthy woman presents to your clinic for unintentional weight loss. Over the past 3 months, she has lost approximately 7 kg without changing her diet or activity level. Otherwise, she feels great. She has an excellent appetite, no gastrointestinal complaints except for occasional loose stools, a good energy level, and no complaints of fatigue. She denies heat or cold intolerance. On examination, her heart rate is 108 bpm, blood pressure 142/82 mm Hg, and she is afebrile. When she looks at you, she seems to stare, and her eyes are somewhat protuberant. You note deformation of the anterior neck, a 2/6 systolic ejection murmur on cardiac examination, and her skin is warm and dry. There is a fine resting tremor.