The Kidney is bounded posteriorly by the following muscles:

A 45-year-old man has a blood pressure reading of 160/100 mm Hg on three separate visits. He refuses to take antihypertensive medication but is willing to modify his lifestyle in an effort to lower his blood pressure. He quits smoking, joins a health club, and greatly reduces salt from his diet. Which of the following areas of the adrenal gland would be expected to increase in activity because of his diet?

In the experiment on the animal the part of the cerebral cortex hemispheres was removed. It caused elimination of previously formed conditioned reflex to the light irritation. What part of the cortex was removed?

What is the omental bursa bounded in front by?

A surgeon is first on the scene after a serious automobile accident. He finds a passenger bleeding profusely from the neck and correctly surmises that the bleeding is from the carotid artery. To control the bleeding, the surgeon can compress the carotid artery against the anterior tubercle of which of the following vertebrae?

A sportsman spontaneously held breath for 40 seconds, which resulted in an increase in heart rate and systemic arterial pressure. Changes of these indicators are due to activation of the following regulatory mechanisms:

What anatomical structures end the proximal tibia?

A 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:

A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle's function is disturbed?

Arrange the the structures of the renal hilum (from front to back)

END OF ROUND ONE

A 45 years old male patient with history of coughing and hemoptysis was admitted to hospital. Tuberculin test was positive. The type of necrosis seen in biopsy from lesion is?

Which of the following molecular actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of alteplase?

Histologic analysis of uterus mucous membrane revealed twisting glands, serrated and spinned, they were extended by stroma growth with proliferation of its cells. Formulate a diagnosis:

A 52-year-old woman, suffers from COPD. Inhaled ipratropium was prescribed for her treatment. The beneficial effect of the drug is likely mediated by the blockade of which pairs of receptors in the bronchial tree?

Which of the following is the most frequent site of venous thrombosis?

Continuous taking of a drug can result in osteoporosis, erosion of stomach mucous membrane, hypokalemia, retention of sodium and water, reduced content of corticotropin in blood. Name this drug:

Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of salivation, and pupil mydriasis. Next intravenous introduction of acetylcholine didn't lead to any significant changes of heart rate. Name this substance:

Arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, glucosuria were observed clinically for a long time in the patient with upper type of obesity. Death was due to the cerebral hemorrhage. Basophilic hypophysis adenoma, hyperplasia of adrenal gland cortex was revealed on pathomorphological examination. What is the likely diagnosis?

Granuloma is formed of all of the following except:

Which of the following types of necrosis is most commonly associated with ischemic injury?

END OF ROUND 2

A 23-year-old patient complains of headache, change of appearance (increase in feet and wrists size, face features distortion). His voice grew harsh, memory worsened. The disease set in three years ago without apparent causes. The analysis of the urine is without special changes. A possible cause of this status can be

Which of the following is not a major symptom of ulcerative colitis?

Slate-gray pigmentation to the skin also occurs with ?

A 50-year-old man was under intensive stress. Concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in his blood rose sharply. Which enzymes catalyze the inactivation of these hormones?

Metabolism of phospholipids is disturbed due to fat infiltration of the liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?

Major portion of postprandial glucose is utilized by ?

The most common form of diabetic neuropathy is ?

Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:

A 13-year-old boy complains of general weakness, dizziness, tiredness. He is mentally retarded. Increased level of valine, isoleucine, leucine is in the blood and urine. Urine has specific smell. What is the diagnosis?

Increased amount of free fat acids is observed in the blood of the patients with diabetes mellitus. It can be caused by:

END OF ROUND 3

Why is necessary to take atorvastatin in the evening after meal?

A 58-year-old woman comes to the office after a near-fainting spell she experienced 1 day ago. She was outside playing tennis when she vomited and felt lightheaded. She spent the rest of the day lying down with mild, diffuse, abdominal pain and nausea. She had no fever or diarrhea. She reports several months of worsening fatigue, mild, intermittent, generalized abdominal pain, and loss of appetite with a 7 kg unintentional weight loss. Her medical history is significant for hypothyroidism for which she takes levothyroxine. She takes no medications. On examination, her temperature is 37.2°C, heart rate 102 bpm, blood pressure 89/62 mm Hg, and normal respiratory rate. She does become light-headed, and her heart rate rises to 125 bpm upon standing with a drop in systolic blood pressure to 70 mm Hg. She is alert and well tanned, with hyperpigmented creases in her hands. Her chest is clear, and her heart rhythm is tachycardic but regular. On abdominal examination, she has normal bowel sounds and mild diffuse tenderness without guarding. Her pulses are rapid and thready. She has no peripheral edema. Initial laboratory studies are significant for Na 121 mEq/L, K 5.8 mEq/L, , glucose 52 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L) , and creatinine 1.0 mg/dL (88,4 mcmol/L).