Quiz

Substitution of the glutamic acid on valine was revealed while examining initial molecular structure. For what inherited pathology is this typical?

The autopsy of the man's body, that was working for a long time as a miner and died beacuse of chronic pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency, revealed that lungs were not in their ful volume, significantly thickened, sclerotic, the apexis were emphysematously changed, the surface was gray-black in colour, on section the lung tissue was aspid-black in colour. What disease caused the death?

A patient complaining of weight loss (10 kg during 2 months), pallpitation and exophthalmos came to the endocrinologist. For the hyperfunction of what endocrine gland (glands) are these complaints the most typical?

A 39-year-old man has got an increased risk of infectious processes development, hyperkeratinizattion, disorder of mesopic vision. What vitamin should be administered?

A 56-year-old patient with complains of thirst and frequent urination was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus and butamin was prescribed. What is the mechanism of action of this medicine?

During the merry-go-round riding a 25- year-old woman began having nausia, vomiting and intensive sweat. Activation of which receptors caused the reflex development of these symptoms?

After brain injuiry a patient has lost his vision. What zone of the brain cortex is damaged in this case?

A 16-year-old patient died because of diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis. The autopsy in the inferior region of small intestine revealed an ulcer with a form of Peyer's plaque, with the perforation of intestine wall. The microscopic examination revealed lymph tissue pattern vagueness, the displacement of this tissue with proliferating monocytes, which were forming granulomata. Complication of what disease caused the death?

A 46-year-old man on his head skin has got a little bulged out nevus pigmentosis of a dark colour which didn't trouble him. For the last time the nevus began growing in size, a pain developed, the colour became black-brown; the palpation of it demonstrated a node at its base. The histological examination of the removed tissue revealed spindle-shaped and polymorphic cells, the cytoplasm of which contained the pigment of fulvous colour. What tumor is it about?

A child was diagnosed to have fracture of humerus. The broken arm began retarding in growth. What part of the bone was damaged?

A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency.The histological examination of his heart revealed in myocardium of the left ventricle the necrotized section, which was separated from undamaged tissue by the zone of hyperimic vessels, small hemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A young man increased his energy inputs from 500 to 2000 kJ per hour. What from the suggested can cause it?

A patient, who had been blowing a cloud (smoking tobacco) for a long time developed lung cancer. Which of the suggested cancerogenic substances is contained in the tobacco smoke and is attributed to the polyunsaturated aromatic carbohydrates (PAC)?

A 35-year-old woman with chronic renal disease has developed osteoporosis. Deficiency of which from the below mentioned substances causes such complication?

A 33- year-old woman who has been treated for a long time from chronic polyarthritis complains of increased blood pressure, changes in the distribution of the adipose tissue and dysmenorrhea. The usage of what medicine could cause such complaints?

Blood sampling for bulk analysis is recommended to be performed on an empty stomack and in the morning. What changes in blood count can occur if to perform blood sampling after food intake?

A patient after trauma has developed paralyses, algesthia impairment on the righf; there are no paralyses on the left but temperature and pain sensivity are also impaired. What is the cause of this?

During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?

A patient with paroxysmal attacks of asphyxia, which appear after inhalation of different aromatic substances has been made a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Ig E rate is elevated. What type of reaction is it the most typical for?

A 40-year-old pregnant woman underwent amniocentesis. The examination of fetus karyotype revealed 47ХУ+21. What pathology of the fetus was found out?

Shock and signs of acute renal failure (ARF) developed in the patient due to severe injury. What is the leading cause of development of ARF in the case?

During the intraoperative biopsy of thyroid gland the histological examination revealed lymphoid structures with growth centers, which were among the folliculi full of colloid. What disease was it?

A patient becomes quickly tired during his work. In vertical position with closed eyes he is dizzying and loosing equilibrium. Skeletal muscle tone is reduced. Which of the below mentioned brain structures is damaged?

An experimental dog by means of stomach tube was given 150 ml of meat broth. The concentration of which of the below mentioned substances will be increased in animal's blood?

2 weeks since the blood transfusion a recepient has developed fever. What protozoal disease can it be?

A patient was admitted to the hospital with a wound in the region of his neck. The examination revealed the damaged nerve, situated in front of the anterior ladder muscle. What nerve is damaged?

A child with diphtheria 10 days after injection of antitoxic antidiphtherial serum has developed skin rash, accompanied by severe itch, rising temperature up to 38^0C and joints pain. What is the cause of these symptoms?

For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough there was made a large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnostici. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment was formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?

Because of suspected intrahospital infection in the neonatal department of the maternity home the inspection was carried out. In some children and on some general things Staphylococcus aureus was revealed. What properties of these cultures allow to establish their origin from one source?

While examining the child the doctor revealed symmetric cheeks roughness, diarrhea, disfunction of the nervous system. Lack of what food components caused it?

Analeptical remedy of reflective type from the H-cholinomimetics group was given to the patient for restoration of breathing after poisoning with carbon monoxide. What medicine was prescribed to the patient?

A patient with thrombophlebitis is administered the complex therapy, which influences different stages of clotforming. Which of the given substances contributes to the restoration of the vascular permeability?

A patient suffers from arterial hypertension strokes, accompanied by tachycardia, excessive sweat, sharp pain in the epigastric region. Which of the mentioned tumorous diseases are these symptoms the most typical for?

Prozerin, given systematically to the rat, increases skeletal muscles tone. Halothane (phthorothan) causes the relaxation of the skeletal muscles and weakens the effect of prozerin. Determine the nature of interactivity of prozerin and halothane.

After the usage of acetylsalicylic acid a patient developed epigastric pain because of exacerbation of his ulcer. What are the principles of this medication ulcerogenity?

A patient suffers from hemeralopia. Which of the suggested substances will have curable effect?

A 39-year-old patient after radiotherapy because of hepatoma developed ulcer of small intestine. It was caused by the inhibition of mytotic activity of the cells, which are responsible for regeneration of small intestine surface epithelium. Inhibition of what cells mitotic activity does this patient have?

A 50- year-old man suddenly began having severe palpitation, pain in the heart, sharp weakness, high blood pressure; arrhythmic pulse, with deficiency. The ECG revealed no P waves and there was different duration of R-R intervals. What disorder of heart rhythm did the patient have?

In the microspacemen of spinal medulla it is necessary to analyse the condition of the nucleus, neurons of which form the motor endings in the skeletal musculature. What nucleus of the spinal medulla is it about?

A student is thoroughly summarising a lecture. When his groupmates began talking the quality of the summarising worsened greatly. What type of the inhibition in the cerebral cortex is the cause of this?

Careless student occasionaly met his dean. The concentration of what hormone will most likely increase in the blood of the student?

A patient with burn disease died due to progressive septicaemia. The autopsy in the anterior abdominal wall by means of microscopic examination revealed diffuse infiltration of intermuscular spaces by segmentonuclear leukocytes, tissues edema and lysis of muscular fibres. Determine the nature of the pathological process.

During ultrasound examination of the heart the doctor observes the leaves of the mitral valve. What happens to them during the systole?

Patient in the unconscious state was admitted to the emergency room. Skin is cold, pupils are delayed, breathing is heavy, with cycles of the Cheyne-Stokes type, blood pressure is decreased, urinary bladder is overloaded. Poisoning with what substance is the most likely?

Patient with pneumonia has intolerance to antibiotics. Which of the combined sulfanilamide medicines should be prescribed to the patient?

A 30-year-old patient with bacteriologically proved dysentery developed the signs of paraproctitis. What is the stage of local changes of this patient?

A patient with diabetes mellitus suddenly began having sharp pain in his right foot. The examination revealed black hallux, swollen foot tissues, focuses of epidermis detachment, secreta with unpleasant smell. What clinico-morphological form of necrosis developed in a patient?

On blood grouping on the system ABO, standart serum of the I and II groups caused erythrocytes agglutination of the examined blood and serum group of the III didn't. What agglutinogens are in this erythrocytes?

A patient, undergoing a course of curative starvation, has a normal glucose level of the blood mainly due to glucogenesis. What aminoacid in human liver the most actively synthesizes glucose?

The intraoperative biopsy of mammal gland has revealed the signs of atypical tissue with disorder of parenchyma-stroma proportion with domination of the last, gland structures of different size and shape, lined with single-layer proliferative epithelium. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

To anaesthetize the manipulation connected with burn surface treatment, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under anaesthesia had elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of sceletal muscles; the reflexes were reserved. After awakening the patient had desorientation and visual hallucinations. What medication was injected to the patient?

A patient with liver disease revealed the decreasing of prothrombin level in the blood. It can, first of all, result in the impairment of:

A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which results in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of this child?

During the staining of sputum smear of a patient with suspected croupous pneumonia the following reactives and stainers were used: gential violet solution, Lugol's solution, 960 spiritus and water fuchsin. What method of staining is used in this case?

Synthesis of phospholipids is disordered due to fat infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?

A patient with acute myeloblast leucosis has developed liver and spleen enlargement, anemia, myeloblasts in peripheral blood. What principal sign allows to differ myeloblast leukosis from chronic one?

A patient with brain bloodstream disorder has got difficulties with swallowing, he can choke over while eating liquid food. What part of the brain is damaged?

A patient with symmetric dermatitis of open dermal areas came to the doctor. Talking to the patient the doctor found out that the patient mostly eats cereals and eats little meat, milk and eggs. The deficiency of which of the mentioned vitamins is dominant in this patient?

A 2-year-old boy has some enlargement of his liver and spleen and cataract. Sugar concentration in blood is elevated but glucose tolerance test is normal. The congenital metabolic disorder of what substance is the cause of this condition?

A 50-year-old man had been blocked up for 2 days because of earthquake. After he was rescued, the diagnosis of compression syndrome was made. What further complication is the most likely to develop in this case?

A 40-year-old man was admitted to the surgical department with spleen rupture. What anatomic formation will accumulate the blood?

Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon-intron-exon". This structure-functional organization of gene caused transcription peculiarities. What will be pro-i-RNA according to the scheme?

Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?

A woman, who was keeping a diet for a long time and eating refined rice, has developed polyneuritis (beriberi disease). The absence of what vitamin in the diet causes the development of such disease?

A patient has tissue ischemia lower the knee joint, accompanied with "intermittent claudication". Which artery is occluded in this case?

Because of present gallstone in the common bile duct, a patient has no bile excretion into duodenum. What disorder can it cause?

A 48-year-old patient after severe psychoemotional exertion suddenly began feeling sharp pain in the heart region, irradiating into left arm. Nitroglycerin releaved pain 10 minutes later. What pathogenetic mechanism is responsible for the development of pain in this case?

Extensive thromboembolic infarction of the left cerebral hemispheres, large septic spleen, immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the edges of the aortic valves, covered with polypous thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus were revealed on autopsy of the young man who died in coma. What disease caused cerebral thromboemboly?

A patient who had been suffering for many years from bronchial asthma died from asphyxia. The histological examination of his lungs revealed the following: much mucus with eosinophiles contents in the lumen of bronchioles and small bronci, sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilation of alveolar lumen. Which of the mechanisms of allergy development is it?

A patient with fibrillation, who has had bronchial asthma in his anamnethis, should be administered antiarrhythmic drug. Which preparation from the suggested group is contraindicated for this patient?

A patient because of pathological process has thickened alveolar membrane. What will be reduced directly as a result this?

Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis approving?

A 42-year-old woman with trigeminal nerve neuralgia complaints of redness of right part of her face and neck, feeling of heat rush and increased dermal sensitiveness. What is the arterial hyperemia in this case according to pathophysiological mechanism?

Dystrophic changes of the heart muscle are accompanied with cardiac cavity enlargement, decrease of the strength of heart contraction, increased amount of blood, which remains in the heart during systolic phase, overfilled veins. For what state of heart is it characteristic?

Local lymphonodules enlarged near the infected wound. Increased amount of macrophages, lymphocytes, lymphatic follicles in the cortical layer and large amount of plasma cells were revealed on histological examination. What process in the lymphatic nodules represent these histological changes?

A group of men applied to the doctor complaining of rising temperature, headache, swelling of face and eyelids, myalgia. From the history it became known that they all were hunters and they often ate meat of wild animals. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patients with collagenosis have the destruction of the connective tissue. It is confirmed by increasing in the blood of:

Highly injured person gradually died. Please choose the indicator of biological death:

Buffer capacity of blood was decreased in the worker due to exhausting muscular work. Entry of what acid substance to the blood can this state be explained by?

The patient has taken the mixture prescribed by neuropathologist for neurasthenia for 2 weeks. Patient felt better but developed coryza, conjunctivitis, rash, inertia, decrease of memory. Bromizm was diagnosed. What should be prescribed to decrease symptoms?

The heart rate and the systemic arterial blood pressure of a man have increased due to voluntary respiratory delay for 40 c. Realisation of what regulation mechanism caused these changes?

The auscultation of a patient with dry pleuritis has revealed plueral friction rub. What epithelium type can cause such signs?

A patient after hypertension stroke has no voluntary movements in his right arm and leg, muscle tone in these extremites is increased. What type of dysfunction of nervous system is it?

The autopsy a 35-year-old man body revealed in the second segment of the right lung the focus of carnification, which was 5 cm in diametre and was enclosed in a thin capsule. The focus was a tough dry friable tissue with a dim surface. What disease are such morphological changes typical for?

On examination of the person it was revealed that minute volume of heart is 3500mL, systolic volume is 50 mL. What is the frequency of cardiac contraction?

A 25-year-old patient complained of vision reduction. Accommodation disorder, dilated pupil, not reacting on the light were revealed on examination. Function of what muscles is disturbed?

A patient suffers from nocturnal paroxysms of bronchial asthma accompanied by bradycardia, spastic intestinal pains and diarrhea. Medicine of what group can relive these symptoms?

A woman came to the surgeon because of the solid mass in her mamma. What direction should the surgeon make an incision in during the operation to injure the lobe less?

During metabolic process active forms of the oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. With help of what enzyme is this anion activated?

The alternate usage of dichlotiazide, etacrin acid and lasex didn't cause substantial diuretic effect in patient with evident peripheral edema. There is increased amount of aldosterone in the blood. Indicate the medicine to be prescribed.

In case of enterobiasis acrihine - the structural analogue of vitamin В2 - is administered. The synthesis disorder of which enzymes does this medicine cause in microorganisms?

A histological spacemen presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and medulla. Cortex consists of epitheliocytes bars, between them there are blood capillaries; the bars form three zones. Medulla consists of chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. What organ has these morphological features?

An old man had infarction of the right cerebrum hemisphere. One year later, taking into consideration the absence of movements of his left extremities, the patient underwent computer tomography of the cerebrum, which revealed a smooth-walled cavity, full of liquor. What pathological process is found out in the cerebrum?

Patient was admitted to the infection unit with diagnosis of bacterial dysentery. On laboratory studies it was revealed that causative element is sensitive to many antimicrobial medicines, but patient had anemia. What medicine was contra-indicated to the patient?

The microscopic examination of liver biopsy revealed granulomata, consisting of plasmatic, lymphoid, giant polynuclear cells of Pirogov-Lachgans type, small vessels with the signs of endo- and perivasculitis, and there were focuses of caseation necrosis. What disease are these granulomata typical for?

In the blood smear, stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa method, there are 20\% big (20 mcm in diametre), rounded cells with pale-basophilic cytoplasm and bean-shaped nucleus. How is this condition characterised clinically?

A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhea in this patient?

A 58-year-old woman complaints of increased tiredness, decreased capasity for work, somnolence and dyspnea during fast walking. Blood test revealed: erythrocytes - 4,6*1012/l, hemoglobin - 92 g/l, colour index - 0,6. Blood smear demonstrated high contents of microcytes and anulocytes. What anemia is it typical for?

A doctor made the diagnosis of gonorrhoea. It was known from the anamnesis that a patient had had gonorrhoea before and he had been treated completely. What type of infection can this new disease be attributed to?

A 42-year-old man was administered prymahin in order to prevent the distant results of quartan malaria. 3 days since the beginning of the treatment with therapeutic dosage of this medicine the patient has developed pain in the cardiac and abdominal regions, dyspepsia and general cyanosis. What could cause such side effects?

A 27-year-old man has purulent inflammation of gallblader. What region of the peritoneal cavity will the pus fall into if gallblader ruptures in his typical position?

Testosterone and it's analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormon with what cell substance is this action caused?

A patient with ascariasis was administered a medicine which influenses the immune system and is used as immunomodulator. What medicine was administered?

A 60-year-old man after cerebral hemorrhage felt asleep for a long time. Damage of what structure caused this state?

A 30-year-old man with cutting wound of his forearm has got an impairment of his fingers extension. What nerve is damaged?

Ion cells have been blocked in the excitative cell. It doesn't change significantly the quiet potential, but the cell has lost its capacity to the generation of AP (action potential). What canals have been blocked?

Processes of repolarisation are disturbed in ventricular myocardium in examined person. It will cause amplitude abnormalities of configuration and duration of the wave:

Some time later after the intensive physical training a sportman activates his gluconeogenesis. What is its main substance?

After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels helped to restore the bloodstream?

A patient has got frequent internal organs' and mucosal hemorrhages. The analysis indicated insufficiency of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in the collagenous fibres. The insufficiencuy of what vitamin caused the impairment of hydroxylysation of abovementioned aminoacids in a patient?

A 58-year-old man has a clinical picture of acute pancreatitis. The increase of what substance in the urine from below mentioned will confirm the diagnosis?

During the complicated labour the symphysis pubis ruptured. What organ can be damaged the most?

A 44-year-old woman was admitted to the therapeutic department because of right-side pleuritis. The examination confirmed the presence of liquid in the pleural cavity. What sinus of the pleura will have the biggest accumulation of the serosity?

Unpainfull formation without marked borders appeared in the soft tissues of the thigh left of the young man. On the tissue bioptate the formation lookes like a meat of a fish, consisting of the immature fibroblast-like cells with multiple mitosis, which grow through the muscles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A woman with myasthenia developed respiratory disorders, which required artificial ventilation. What type pf respiratory insufficiency did the woman have?

Chronic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 34-year-old patient 3 years ago. Edema has developed for the last 6 months. What caused it?

During the breakout of acute respiratory infection in order to diagnose influenza the express-diagnosis, based on revealing of specific viral antigen in the examined material (nasopharyngial lavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this?

During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of proteins - tubulines, which take part in the mitosis formation, was destroyed. It can cause the impairment of:

A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of which compound in the skin can cause it?

The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely?

After the genealogy analysis a geneticist came to the conclusion: a feature is manifested in each generation, men and women inherit the feature with equal frequency, parents in the equal way give this feature to their offspring. What type of inheritance does the investigated feature have?

A 59-year-old man has signs of the parenchymatous jaundice and portal hypertension. On histological examination of the puncture of the liver bioptate, it was revealed: beam-lobule structure is affected, part of hepatocytes has signs of fat dystrophy, port-portal connective tissue septa with formation of pseudo-lobules,with periportal lympho-macrophage infiltrations. What is the most probable diagnosis?

During the bacteriological tests of the purulent secreta from urethra there were found bacteria, which according to Gramm were negatively staining, looked like coffee beans. These bacteria were splitting glucose and maltose to acid, they were located inside the leucocytes. The aetiological agent of what disease are these microorganisms?

Complaints and objective data allow to suggest that a patient has inflammation in his gallblader, bile colloidoclasia, probability of gallstones formation. What can be the main cause of gallstones formation?

During the examination of a patient, who had been to the mountain pasture and had been hospitalized in a bad condition with fever, the doctor found out the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes to 8 cm, which were attached to the surrounding tissues, immovable, the skin above them was red and tender. The microscopic examination of the node revealed acute serohemorrhagic inflammation. What disease is it typical for?

A 65-year-old man with signs of profuse obesity and risk of fatty liver dystrophy was recommended high-lipotropic diet. The contents of what substance in his diet is the most effective in this case?

A 26-year-old woman is complaining of thirst and dryness in her mouth. The examination has revealed glucosuria and blood glucose content of 6,5 mmol/l. What condition are these symptoms the most typical for?

The speed of excitement conduction through the atrioventricular node in a healthy adult is 0,02-0,05 mps. What does atrioventricular delay supply?

On autopsy of the 58-year-old man it is revealed: mitral valve is deformed, thickened, not totally closed. Microscopically: centers of collagen fibers are eosinophilic, have positive fibrin reaction. The most likely it is:

A patient has myocardial infarction in the region ofanterior wall of the left ventricle. What artery basin has the circulatory impairment occured in?

The energy inputs of a healthy man have been identified. What position was the patient if his energy inputs were less than the main exchange?

Person has stable HR, not more than 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of the heart rhythm in this person?

During the expirement performed on a rabbit the superior cervical node of sympathatic stem was removed. On the side of the extraction there is redness and rising temperature of the head skin. What form of peripheral circulation disorder developed in this case?

During the examination of a patient with bleeding wounds the doctor found out that the tissue was damaged by maggots, there were local maturations. The diagnosis was obligate myiasis. The maggots of what insect caused the disease?

The person was selling "homemade pork" sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be identified?

Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weakness, pain in the intestines, disorder of GIT. Examination of the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts should be hospitalized immediately. For what protozoa are such cysts typical?

A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was admitted to the infectious hospital. In his anamnesis there is information about tick bite. During the hemagglutination ihibition reaction there were found antybodies against the pathogen of tick-borne encephalitis in diluton 1:20, which is not diagnostic. What should the doctor do next, after he has got such results?

An 18-year-old man with asthenic body constitution: tall, narrow shoulders, broad pelvis and with poor hair on his face came to the geneticist. There was marked mental retardatoin. The preliminary diagnosis was Klinefelter's syndrome. What method of medical genetics can confirm the diagnosis?

The examination of skin biopsy of a patient with hemorrhage vasculitis revealed the next: the vessel wall was thickened, homogenous, stained in yellow colour by means of picrofuchsin, PAS-positive. What pathologic process has developed in the vessels walls?

A patient underwent the surgical removal of pathologically disordered distal quarter of small intestine. How will it influense the absorption of nutritional substances in case of patient's ordinary diet?

On the 8th day since the patient was inoculated with antitetanic serum because of dirty wound of his foot he has developed rising temperature up to 38^0С , pains in the joints, rash and itch. The blood tests revealed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Allergic reaction of what type has developed in this case?

A female patient complaining of indigestion and diffuse abdominal pain came to the doctor. During the examination the doctor found out considerably decreased hemoglobulin level in the blood. During the inquiry it turned out that the woman, living in the Far East, was frequently eating lightly salted caviar. Some relatives, who were living with her, had the same complaints. What was the diagnosis?

A 63-year-old man, suffering from cancer of esophagus, has metastases to mediastenum, lymph nodes and cancer cachexy. What is the pathogenetic stage of the given tumorous process?

The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has demonstrated the afferent glomerular arteriole, which under its endothelium has giant cells, containing secretory granules. Name the type of these cells:

A 6-month-old child is suffocating while lying on his back.The palpation on the anterior wall of trachea up to jugular notch of the sternum revealed tumor-like mass, stretching into the anterior mediastinum. What from the belowmentioned can squeeze trachea?

A patient died 3 days after the operation because of perforated colon with the manifestations of diffuse purulent peritonitis. The autopsy demonstrated: colon mucos membrane was thickened and covered with a fibrin film, isolated ulcers penetrated into different depth. Results of histology: mucous membrane necrosis, leukocytes infiltration with hemorrhages focuses. The complication of what disease caused the patient's death?

A patient in winter fall down into ice-hole, froze and fall ill. The temperature increased up to 39,70С and ranged from 39,00C tо 39,80С . Name the type of temperature curve of this patient.

In the micropreparation made from patient's regional lymph node punctate and stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa method, the doctor found out thin microorganisms with 12-14 equal ringlets and pale-pink sharp pointes 10-13 mkm in length. The pathogen of what disease is it about?

The examination of blood serum of a patient with immunodeficiency signs revealed antybodies to gP120 i gP41 proteins. The presence of what infection of this patient does it confirm?

4 months ago a 43-year-old man underwent traumatic amputation of his left lower extremity. At the time of his examination the patient complaints of feeling of present amputated extremity and constant sometimes unbearable pain in it. What pain type does the patient have?

A patient with chronic heart failure being treated by digitalis drugs developed the symptoms, which confirmed the beginning of cardiac glycosides toxic activity. What drug should be administered to reduce the negative effect of cardiac glycosides?

A 42-year-old man was admitted to the cardiological department because of angina pectoris. Among the medicines administered to the patient there was inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. The concentration of what substance in the heart muscle will be increased?

Woman applied to the medico-genetic consulting centre for information about the risk of haemophilia in her son. Her husband has been suffering from this disease since birth. Woman and her parents are healthy (don't have haemophilia). Is the boy likely to have the disease in this family?

A patient has increased contents of uric acid in his blood, what is clinically manifested by pain syndrome due to accumulation of urates in his joints. What process does the formation of this acid result from?

Karyotyping of healthy man cells is carried out. In the karyotype there was found out a fine acrocentric odd chromosome. What chromosome is it?

A malarial plasmodium (haemamoeba) - the pathogene of vivax malaria - has two strains: southern and northern. They differ by the duration of their incubation period: the southern has short and the northern - long one. What selection works in this case?

A patient with prolonged bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy was ineffective. What medicine should be added to the complex therapy of the patient to increase the immune status?

A patient died with uremia.The autopsy demonstrated kidneys to be enlarged, of flabby consistence, cortex was broad, edematous, with red spots; medulla was dark red in colour. Microscopic examination in the glomeruli capsule cavity revealed "semilunar formations", squeezing capillaries, nephrocytes dystrophy, edema and infiltration of stroma. What disease caused the death of the patient?

A 6-months-old baby has got frequent and extensive subdermal hemorrhages. The administration of the synthetic analogue of vitamin K (vicasol) was effective. γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid of what protein of blood coagulation system does this vitamin take part in?

Systemic amebiasis with involvment of intestines, liver, lungs was diagnosed in a 52-year-old patient. What drug should be prescribed?

A 42-year-old man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in the blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?

The microscopic examination of wound lavage of a patient with acute woundy process of his shin revealed big contents of irregular extended-formed cells, with tough nucleus, the basophilic cytoplasm of which includes many lysosomes, phagosomes and pinocytotic bubbles. What cells are found out in the wound?

In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrated. What type of capillares is it?

A man in a quiet condition has increased activity of the muscles, responsible for the inspiration. What from the belowmentioned can cause this?

A 56-year-old patient with cardiac failure notices edematous feet and shins, the skin in the place of edema is pale and cold. What is the leading pathogenesis of this patient's edema?

The study of the genealogy of a family with hypertrichosis (helix excessive pilosis) demonstrated, that this feature is manifested in all generations only in men and is inherited by son from his father. What is the type of hypertrichosis inheritance?

A 45-year-old man with domestic apper arm injuiry applied to the trauma unit. The objective data are: no extension, adduction and pronation functions of the arm. What muscle damage caused this condition?

Galactosemia is revealed in a child. Concentration of glucose in the blood is not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?

A 40-year-old man ran 10 km per 60 minutes. What changes of energy exchange will take place in his muscular tissue?

A child, suffering from pylorostenosis accompanied by frequent vomiting, developed signs of dehydration. What form of acid-base disbalance can develop in this case?

A man because of 1,5 litre blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of what hormone caused such diuresis alteration?

Collagen, elastin and reticulin belong to the fibrillar elements of connective tissue. Indicate the aminoacid which constitutes only collagen, and identification of which in biological fluids is used for the diagnosing of the connective tissue diseases.

A patient with bronchial asthma is administered inhalation of 0,5\% isadrine solution. Bronchospasm was releaved, but the patient began complaining of pain in the heart region and palpitation. It is connected with the stimulation of:

The examination of an youth with mental retardation revealed eunuchoid body construction and genitals underdevelopment. The cells of the oral cavity cantained chromatine. What method of genetic investigation should be performed to make more specified diagnosis?

The electrocardiogramme analysis demonstrated that the duration of man's heart cycle is 1sec. What is the heart rate per minute?

During total (with water) alimentary starvation the generalized edemata have developed. Which of the pathogenic factors is dominant in this case?

A patient with bronchial asthma during 2 months was taking pills of prednisolon. After she began feeling much better she suddenly stopped taking the medicine. What complication can develop in this case?

Child asked you to puff up the balloon as much as possible for a one exhalation.What air volume will you use?

Isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle appears?

Patients with diabetes mellitus and people during starvation have the increased contents of acetone bodies in their blood, which are used as energy material. What substance are they synthesized from?

A patient after tooth extraction developed persistent substernal pain. Sublingual antianginal substance releaved the substernal pain, but the patient complained of headache and dizziness. What medicine did the patient use?

A patient during a visit to his dentist developed severe hypotension. Which of the medicines, stimulating adrenergic structures, should be used to normalise blood pressure?

A patient has a suspected pneumonia. In his sputum there were revealed grampositive diplococci, prolonged with the slightly pointed opposite ands. What microorganisms are revealed in the sputum?

A 50-year-old patient complains of thirst, drinking of a lot of water, marked polyuria. Blood glucose is 4,8mmol/L, urine glucose and acetone bodies are absent, urine is colorless, specific gravity is 1,002-1,004. What is the cause of polyuria?

The autopsy of the dead body revealed enlarged, solid with rounded margins liver, on section the tissue was yellow-brown in colour with dark red spots and stripes, which resembled nutmeg. What pathological process led to such liver changes?

During the football match a player injuried his knee joint. The X-ray examination showed fracture of the bone, which is situated in the tendon thickness of musculus quadriceps femoris. What of the mentioned groups does this bone belong to?

A patient with iron deficiency anemia has been treated at the in-patient hematological department of the regional children's hospital during 13 years. What hypoxia type does this patient have?

A 38-year-old patient after taking aspirin and sulphanilamides has profound hemolysis of erythrocytes, which is caused by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase insufficiency. The disorder of formation of what coenzyme causes this pathology?

The increased intraocular tension is observed in the patient with glaucoma. Secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliar body is normal. Injury of what structure of the eyeball wall caused the disorder of fluid flow-out from the anterior chamber?

A patient'l liver can not normally detoxify its natural metabolites and xenobiotics.The reduced activity of what cytochrome can cause this?

A 43-year-old man suffers from chronic atrophic gastritis and megaloblastic hyperchromic anemia. He also has methylmalonic aciduria. Insufficiency of what vitamin led to the development of such complex of symptoms?

A woman complaining of coryza, phonastenia, eyelids redness and lacrymation during spring period came to the doctor. What type of allergic reaction by Gell ano Coombs classification develops in this case?

The examination of a foreigner revealed intestinal schistosomiasis. How could the patient be infected?

The study of mitotic cycle phases of onion root revealed the cell, in which the chromosomes are situated in the equatorial plane, forming a star. What stage of the cell mitosis is it?

A patient with urolithiasis after the examination was administered allopurinol - competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It was influenced by chemical analysis of the calculuses, which consisted mainly of:

On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium. What microorganism can it be?

Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?

The penetration of the irritable cell membrane for potassium ions has been increased experimentally. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?

After the radiactive exposure a patient has stem cells disorder. The regeneration of what cells of friable connective tissue will be damaged?

During the examination of blood gases a patient with chronic respiratory diseases accompanied by dyspnea, tachycardia and cyanosis demonstrated the development of hypoxemia and hypercapnia. What disorder of the external respiration does the patient have?

From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?

On simulation of inflammation of the lower extremity the animal exrerienced raise of the temperature, increase of amount of antibodies and leucocytes in the blood. What substances caused this general reaction of the organism on inflammation?

Due to activation of ion channels of external membrane of excitable cell it's rest potential has significantly increased. What channels were activated?

Punctata hemorrhage was found out in the patient after application of a tourniquet. With disfunction of what blood cells is it connected?

A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, the next day his condition became worse, temperature rised to 39,60С. What caused worthening?

A 2-year-old child experienced convulsions because of lowering calcium ions concentration in the blood plasma. Function of what structure is decreased?

During surgery in a 17-year-old patient it was revealed the tumour of 4,5х5,0х3,5 sm in size on the lower surface of the liver with subserose localization, of dark-red color. On the section tumour has cavities with marked amount of blood. What is preliminary diagnosis?

For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?

Dystrophic changes of the heart muscle are accompanied with cardiac cavity enlargement, decrease of the strength of heart contraction, increased amount of blood, which remains in the heart during systolic phase, overfilled veins. For what state of heart is it characteristic?

The person was selling "homemade pork" sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be identified?

Transmural myocardial infarction in the patient was complicated with progressive acute left ventricle insufficiency. What is the most typical for this state?

The patient has taken the mixture prescribed by neuropathologist for neurasthenia for 2 weeks. Patient felt better but developed coryza, conjunctivitis, rash, inertia, decrease of memory. Bromizm was diagnosed. What should be prescribed to decrease symptoms?

Tuberculine was injected intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications?

Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause this symptoms?

Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?

Daltonism was diagnosed in a 7-year-old boy while prophylactic medical examination. Parents are healthy, color vision is normal. Grandfather from the mother's side has the same disorder. What is the type of inheriting of this anomaly?

It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50 years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of the very dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a long time?

Galactosemia is revealed in the child. Concentration of glucose in the blood is not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?

During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus large arterial (Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into lig. arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect between each other?

A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department with diagnosis - suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease started from the inflammation of the nasopharynx. Through the what canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the tympanic cavity?

During histological examination of the stomach it was found out that glands contain very small amount of pariental cells or they are totally absent. Mucose membrane of what part of the stomach was studied?

Ovarian tumour was diagnozed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What ligament should be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the uterus?

Chronic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 34-year-old patient 3 years ago. Edema has developed in the last 6 monthes. What caused it?

A 27- year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In few minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decreasing of BP. What antibodies take part in the development of this allergic reaction?

A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic shoulder trauma. Objectively: flexibility, reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?

Increased amount of free fat acids is observed in the blood of the patients with diabetes mellitus. It can be caused by:

Patient with diarrhoea was admitted to the infection unit. Gramnegative curved rod-like bacteria were founded on bacterioscopic examination of faecal masses. What is the most likely disease in this patient?

Local lymphonodules enlarged near the infected wound. Increased amount of macrophages, lymphocytes, lymphatic follicles in the cortical layer and large amount of plasma cells were revealed on histological examination. What process in the lymphatic nodules represent these histological changes?

In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of T and B lymphocytes are not changed. Defect with dysfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable?

Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weakness, pain in the intestines, disorder of GIT. Examination of the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts should be hospitalized immidiately. For what protozoa are such cysts typical?

Methotrexate (structural analogue of the folic acid which is competitive inhibitor of the dihydrofolatreductase) is prescribed for treatment of the malignant tumour.On which level does methotrexate inhibit synthesis of the nucleic acids?

On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo environment. What microorganism can it be?

Pathological changes of the liver and brain were revealed in a 27-year-old patient.The copper concentration is abruptly decreased in blood plasma and increased in the urine. Wilson's disease was diagnosed. Activity of what enzyme in the blood serum should be examined to prove diagnisis?

In result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reacttor the run-out of radioelements happened. People in the increased radiation zone were radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized. What changes in the blood count would be typical?

A 70-year-old man, who suffered from chronic bronchitis, was prescribed medicine for the cough - codeine. What is the mechanism of anticoughing effect?

The alternate usage of dichlotiazide, etacrin acid and lasex didn't cause marked diuretic effect in patient with marked peripheral edema. Increased amount of aldosterone is in the blood. Indicate the medicine to be prescribed.

For a long time a 49-year-old woman was suffering from glomerulonephritis which caused death.On autopsy it was revealed that kidneys size was 7х3х2.5 sm, weight is 65,0 g, they are dence and small-grained. Microscopically: fibrinogenous inflammation of serous and mucous capsules, dystrophic changes of parenchymatous organs, brain edema. What complication can cause such changes of serous capsules and inner organs?

A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Anapriline therapy caused positive effect in the dynamic of the disease of a 44-year-old woman suffering from stenocardia. What is the main mechanism of the effect of this medicine?

Patient with hypochromic anemia has splitting hair and loss of hair, increased nail brittling and taste alteration. What is the mechanism of the development of these symptoms?

On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial culture was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo environment grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?

Periodic renal colics attackes are observed in the woman with primery hyperparathyroidizm. Ultrasonic examination revealed small stones in the kidneys. What is the cause of the formation of the stones?

Arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, glucosuria were observed clinically for a long time in the patient with upper type of obesity. Death was due to the cerebral haemorrhage. Basophilic hypophysis adenoma, hyperplasia of adrenal gland cortex were revealed on pathomorphological examination. What is the likely diagnosis?

White-haired, with blue eyes girl was born in healthy parents. Irritability, anxiety, troubled sleep and feeding developed in the first months of life of the infant. What method of genetic investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?

Patient in the unconscious state was admitted to the emergency room. Skin is cold, pupils are delayed, breathing is heavy, with cycles of the Cheyne-Stokes type, blood pressure is decreased, urinary bladder is overloaded. Poisoning with what substance is the most likely?

Gramnegative bin-shaped diplococcus inside and outside of leucocytes were detected on bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of the uterus. Name the causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the uterus.

Pain along large nervous stems and increased amount of pyruvate in the blood were revealed in the patient. Insufficiency of what vitamin can cause such change?

A man with internal abdominal right side injury and suspicion of liver rupture was admitted to the traumatological department. In what peritonial structure will blood accumulate?

The ventral roots of 5 frontal segment of spinal cord were cut during experiment in the animal. What changes will take place in the innervation region?

Isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle appears?

Part of the DNA chain turned about 180 degree due to gamma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?

Patient with diabetes didn't get insulin injection in time that caused hyperglycemic coma (glucose in the blood 50mmol/L). What mechanism is prevalent in the development of the coma?

During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?

In the ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin, follicle is determined where cubic-shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet covering is seen around ovocyte. Name this follicle:

Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis approving?

A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?

The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organoid will take part at their utilization?

Due to cranial trauma the patient developed the symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochokinesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured?

Marked increase of activity of МВ-forms of CPK (creatinephosphokinase) and LDH-1 were revealed on the examination of the patient's blood. What is the most likely pathology?

Patient with mercury poisoning was admitted to the toxicological department from the chemical industry. What medicine should be used?

Usage of oral contraceptives with sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysiae hormones. Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while using oral contraceptives with sex hormones?

Disorder of the airways passage in small and middle bronchi was revealed in the patient. What disorder of the acid-base equilibrium can be detected in the blood?

On autopsy it is revealed enlarged dense right lung, fibrin layers on the pleura. Lung tissue is light green color on incision with muddy liqued exudates. What lung disease are these symptoms typical for?

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased for 20% due to prolonged starvation of the person. The most likely cause of filtration changes under this conditions is:

In a 45-year-old patient on ECG it was revealed: sinus rhythm, the number of auricular complexesexceeds number of ventricular complexes; progressing extension of the P-Q interval from complex to complex; fallout of some ventricular complexes; Р waves and QRST complexes are without changes. Name the type of heart rhythm disfunction.

Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mitotically dividing cell. On what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?

Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration of the muscle function possible?

Tuberculine was injected intraperitoneally to the animal sensibilized with tuberculine. Venous hyperemia and peritonial edema were detected on the laparotomy in 24 hours. Increased amount of lymphocytes and monocytes were in the smear-print from the peritonium. What pathological process is in the animal?

Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?

Lung of premature infant is presented on electronic photomicrography of biopsy material. Collapse of the alveolar wall caused by the deficiency of surfactant was revealed. Disfunction of what cells of the alveolar wall caused it?

Patient with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and vision violation was admitted to the reception-room. Skin is hyperemic, dry, pupils are dilated, tachycardia. Poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed on further examination. What medicine should be prescribed?

An aged patient complains of headache, dizziness, quick tiredness, worsening of memory. Anamnesis: craniocerebral injury. Medicine of what group should be prescribed?

Unpainfull formation without marked borders appeared in the soft tissues of the thigh in the young man. On the tissue bioptate the formation lookes like a meat of a fish, consisting of the immature fibroblast-like cells with multiple mitosis, which grow through the muscles. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Inhibition of alpha-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of alpha-motoneuron of the flexor muscles during the experiment on the spinal column. What type of inhibition can this process cause?

Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle is presented?

In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrated. What type of capillares is it?

The patient was treated medically for psychosis for 2 weeks. Patient's condition improved but rigidity, tremor, hypokinesia developed. Which of the drugs can cause such complications?

On autopsy of a still-born infant it is revealed heart development abnormalities: ventricles are not separated, originates from the right part single arterial trunk. For what class of vertebrate is such heart construction characteristic?

Testosterone and it's analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormon with what cell substance is this action caused?

From the group of children who were eating sweet sappy watermelon two kids developed the signs of poisoning: rapid weakness, dizziness, headache, vomiting, edema, tachycardia, cyanosis of mouth, ears, tips of the fingers cyanosis. High concentration of nitrates was detected. What is the leading mechanism of the pathogenesis of the poisoning in the two children?

Multiple oval ulcers along the intestine were revealed on autopsy of the person, who died from diffuse of peritonitis in the distant part of the small intestine. Bottom parts of the ulcers are clear, smooth, formed with muscular or serous covering, edges of ulcers are flat, rounded. There are perforations up to 0,5 cm in diameter in two ulcers. What diseasis can be diagnosed?

Parents with ill child came to the infectionist. They worked in one of the Asian countries for a long time. Child has eathy colored skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral glands. What protozoan illness can this child have?

On autopsy it is revealed: soft arachnoid membrane of the upper parts of cerebral hemisphere is plethoric, it is of yellowish-green color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, it lookes like cap. For what disease is it characteristical picture

Intrapleural pressure is being measured in a person. In what phase has a person hold his breath if the pressure is - 25 cm H2O?

Larvae were detected occasionally on the microscopic examination of the sputum of the patient with pneumonia. Eosinophiles were detected on the blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?

Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?

The guide of the scientific expedition in India was native who always was with his dog. What invasive diseases can be transmitted by the dog if it is the source of invasion?

The increased intraocular tension is observed in the patient with glaucoma. Secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliar body is normal. Injury of what structure of the eyeball wall caused the disorder of flow-out from the anterior chamber?

Index of pH of the blood changed and became 7,3 in the patient with diabetus mellitus. Detecting of the components of what buffer system is used while diagnosing disorder of the acid-base equilibrium?

Purulent endometritis with fatal outcome was progressing in the woman after abortion performed not at the hospital. On autopsy multiple lung abscesses, subcapsule ulcers in the kidneys, spleen hyperplasia were revealed. What form of sepsis developed in the patient?

Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis is observed in the patient?

While emotional excitement the heart rate in a 30-year-old person run up to 112 Bpm. What part of the conducting system of the heart caused it?

Profuse foam appeared when dentist put hydrogen peroxide on the mucous of the oral cavity. What enzyme caused such activity?

A 32-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with gross bloodloss due to auto accident trauma. Ps - 110Bpm, RR- 22 pm, BP- 100/60mm Hg. What changes in the blood will occur in an hour after the bloodloss?

Patient complains of frequent and difficult urination. Imperfection of what formation can cause it?

On blood grouping on the system ABO, standart serum of the I and II groups caused erythrocytes agglutination of the examined blood and serum group of the III didn't. What agglutinogens are in this erythrocytes?

While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?

Patient was on glucocorticoids for a long time, discontinuation of usage caused exacerbation of the illness, decreased BP, weakness. How can you explain it?

Spasm of smooth muscle of bronchi developed in the patient. Usage of activators of what membrane cytoreceptors is fisiologically valid to decrease attack?

Extensive thromboembolic infarction of the left cerebral hemispheres, large septic spleen, immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the edges of the aortic valves, covered with polypous thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus were revealed on autopsy of the young man who died in coma. What disease caused cerebral thromboemboly?

Patient experienced increased susceptibility of the skin to the sunlight. His urine after some time became dark-red. What is the most likely cause of this?

A 63-year-old woman developed signs of rheumatoid arthritis. Increase of which indicated blood values level could be helpful in proving diagnosis?

2 Buffer capacity of blood was decreased in the worker due to exhausting muscular work. Entry of what acid substance to the blood can this state be explained?

Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue can be expected?

Substitution of the glutamic acid on valine was revealed while examining initial molecular structure. For what inherited pathology is this typical?

Carnitine including drug was recomended to the sportsman for improving results. What process is activated most of all with help of carnitine?