During a surgery performed in abdominal cavity, a surgeon located a ligament of liver, stretching from the anterior abdominal wall (navel) to the interior surface of liver. What ligament is it?

A patient has cardiac rhythm disturbance. ECG shows heart rate of 60/min., prolongation of PQ interval periodical loss of QRS complex. What cardiac rhythm disturbance is it?

In a hypothetical experiment the action of a toxic substance disrupts the mechanism of nerve impulse transmission between neurons. What structure enables this function?

A patient demonstrates functional loss of nasal halves of the retinas. What area of visual pathways is affected?

For the study of serum proteins various physical and physio chemical methods can be used . in particular serums Albumins and globulins can be separated by this method :

Microscopy of women’s swabs made from vaginal secretions revealed Gram negative bean shaped diplococci. What provisional diagnosis can be made?

T lymphocytes are determined to be affected by HIV. In this case viral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RNA_dependent DNA polymerase) catalysis the synthesis.

A biopsy material was obtained from the arches of the patient's soft palate due to a suspected tumor (macroscopy detected an ulcer with the dense floor). In the biopsy material the following was detected: necrosis of the mucosa with infiltration of the submucosal layer by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasma cells, and single neutrophils. Notable is the presence of marked endovasculitis and perivasculitis. The described changes are characteristic of:

Histological specimen shows organ parenchyma that consists of lymphoid tissue and forms lymph nodules. The nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. What anatomical structure has such morphological characteristics?

A patient presents with increased thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane caused by a pathologic process. The direct consequence will be the reduction of the following value:

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis prescribed a specific antituberculosis antibiotic. Name this drug:

Among lymphocytes there is a population of cells that have membrane receptors to IgM, activate in response to certain antigens, reproduce mitotically, differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) Name these cells:

A histological specimen demonstrates a vessel with the wall that consists of endothelium, basement membrane, and loose connective tissue. This vessel belongs to the following type:

An oncology patient is to undergo a surgery on the descending colon. Name the main source of blood supply to this organ:

Hematologic study shows the following pattern: erythrocytes - 2,8 · 1012/L, Нb 80 g/L, color index - 0.85, reticulocytes 0,1%, platelets - 160 thousand per microliter, leukocytes - 60 · 109/L. Basocytes - 2%, eosinophils - 8%, promyelocytes - 5%, myelocytes - 5%, juvenile - 16%, stab neutrophils - 20%, segmented neutrophils - 34%, lymphocytes - 5%, monocytes 5%. This clinical presentation indicates the following blood pathology:

A woman complains of vision Impairment. On examination she was found to have obesity and fasting hyperglycemia. What can be the cause of vision impairment in this case?

Granulomas Containing lymphocytes and macrophages were detected during analysis of skin biopsy material. Among macrophages there are large cells with fat inclusions which contains microorganisms in spheric packages (Virchow’s cells) what disease is based on the described type of hypersensitivity:

A man, complaining of infertility, has made an appointment with the doctor. He has tall stature, low intelligence, and underdeveloped gonads. His oral mucosa epithelium has sex chromatin (1 Barr body). What pathology can be suspected in this case?

Antileukocytic antibodies are detected in the blood of a patient with leukopenia. What type of Coombs-Gell hypersensitivity reaction developed in this case?

A 41-year-old man has a history recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms). Profuse sweating, headaches Examination revealed hypertension hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia. These clinical presentations are typical of the following adrenal pathology :

Corticosteroid hormones, regulate adaptation processes of the body as a whole to environmental changes and ensure the maintenance of internal homeostasis. What hormone activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis?

A 4-year-old child died of cardiopulmonary failure. Autopsy shows dense pancreas, there are obturative atelectasis and bronchiectasis in the bronchi and fatty liver infiltration, Microscopy of the pancreas shows cystically dilated ducts, atrophy of the glandular parenchyma, diffuse fibrosis, and lymphohistiocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient has problems with peripheral circulation, because of limited arterial blood supply. The affected area is pale and its local temperature is low. This condition is caused by:

Human skin has very high tensile Strength. It is known that the skin consists of epithelial tissue and two kinds of connective tissue. Which of the following tissues provides the skin strength?

The key reaction of fatty acid synthesis production of malonyl-CoA. What metabolite is the source of malonyl-CoA synthesis?

Name the supramolecules that are multi enzyme complexlipid that is integrated into the lipid layer of inner mitochondrial membrane that creates condition for redox reactions layer of:

A 3-year-old child had eaten some Strawberries, Soon he developed a rash and itching What was found in the child's leukogram?

A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial are approximately 70/min., ventricular contractions are 25-30/min. Name the type of arrhythmia in this case:

Due to prolonged stay in the mountains at the altitude of 3000m above the sea level, a person developed increased oxygen capacity of blood which was directly caused by intensified production of:

A 64-year-old woman presents with disturbed fine motor function of her fingers, marked muscle rigidity and tremor. The neurologist diagnosed her with Parkinson's discase. What brain structures are damaged, resulting in this disease?

A 13 year old teen-ager underwent X ray examination of the hip joint. Examination revealed a 3 mm wide radiolucent zone between the head and the shaft of the femur. This situation should be regarded as:

A shepherd, who tended to the Hock of sheep with his dogs, gradually developed pain in the chest and bloody expectorations. X-ray revealed spheric helminth larvae in the patient's lungs, Specify the helminth that could be the causative agent of this disease:

Due to the blockage of the common bile duct which was radiographically flow to duodenum was stopped. We should expect the impairment of:

A patient suffering from gout Was prescribed allopurinol. What pharmacological property of allopurinol provides therapeutic effect in this case?

UN Volunteers have arrived in Nigeria to assist the locals in the aftermath of earthquakes. What drug should they prescribe for individual chemo prophylaxis of malaria?

A patient complains of pain in the upper umbilical region. On palpation there is a mobile painful intestine. What intestine is being palpated by the doctor?

A boy has a large trema between his incisors. It is known that the gene for this anomaly is the dominant one. This boys natural sister has a normal teeth placement. It means that genotypically she is:

Pupil dilation occurs when a person Steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex causes such a reaction?

A patient has developed paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia against the background of cardiac infarction. What antiarrhythmic drug should be chosen to avoid lowering the cardiac output?

A medical student was hospitalized to the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd after the disease onset. The patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. What results of laboratory analysis can confirm this diagnosis immediately on the day of the hospitalization?

A 50-year-old woman with a long History of glomerulonephritis died with progressing signs of intoxication (uremia). Autopsy shows thickened wall of the large intestine, with a gray-white film on the mucosa. The film is tightly attached to the Underlying tissues. On the pleura there are grayish films that can be easily removed. What type of inflammation can be observed?

Due to destruction of certain Structures of the brainstem an animal has lost its orientation reflexes in response to strong light stimuli. What structures were destroyed?

Initial inoculation of water in 1% peptone water result in growth of a thin film on the medium surface in 6 hours. Such cultural properties are characteristics of the causative agent of the following disease?

A patient with lobar pneumonia has had body temperature of 39°c with daily Temperature fluctuations of no more than 1°c for 9 days .This fever can be characterized by the following temperature curve?

Encephalopathy has developed in child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. What substance increased in the child's blood, resulting in damage to the CNS?

A 67 year old man with clinical diagnosis of Chronic bronchitis, pneumosclerosis and cardiopulmonary decompensation has the biopsy material taken from the suspicious area in his right bronchus mucosa. Cellular and tissue atypism along with pearly bodies can be histological detected. What pathologic process is characterized by the described histological changes?

During ventricular systole, the cardiac muscle does not respond to additional stimulation because it is in the phase of:

A patient with inoperable lung cancer accompanied by unbearable pain was prescribed an analgesic. Against the background of analgesic therapy the patient developed signs of intestinal obstruction. What analgesic could have caused this complication?

Examination of a 56-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed a disorder of protein metabolism that in the laboratory blood test values is manifested as aminoacidemia, and clinically - as delayed wound healing and decreased synthesis of antibodies. Which of the following mechanisms causes the development of aminoacidemia?

Examination of boy's external genitalia Revealed a full closure of the upper part of urethra. The urethral canal remains open only from below, as a small fissure. What developmental anomaly of the external genitalia can be observed in this case?

A patient with chronic bronchitis was prescribed a drug with mucolytic action. Name this drug:

A patient with parkinsonism was prescribed levodopa, which led to rapid improvement of the patient's condition What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

A woman, who has been suffering from marked hypertension for 15 years, has lately developed dyspnea. palpitations, slightly decreased systolic pressure, while diastolic pressure remains the same. What is the main mechanism of heart failure development in this case?

Autopsy of the body of a 15 year old child revealed moderate hyperemia and edema of nasopharyngeal mucosa small hemorrhages in mucosa and internal organs, markedly dystrophic changes in the liver and myocardium, acute necrotic nephrosis, and massive hemorrhages in the adrenal glands. These changes are characteristic of the following disease:

A 45-year-old woman suffers set arterial hypertension with high blood concentration of angiotensin II. What antihypertensive drug is the most recommended in the given case?

During a surgery on submandibular salivary gland, the patient developed bleeding. What artery, topographically connected with this gland can cause bleeding?

Autopsy of a dead patient, who died from pulmonary edema, revealed a large yellow grey nidus in the myocardium, and a fresh thrombus in the coronary artery. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A woman with a dense area in her mammary gland came to a surgeon. To minimize the trauma to the mammary gland lobule during the operation, the surgeon should make the incision:

A 46-year-old woman suffering from Cholelithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became dark yellow, while feces are light-colored. What substance will be the most increased in concentration in the blood serum in this case?

An infant, who was on synthetic formula feeding, developed signs of vitamin B1 deficiency. What reactions docs this vitamin take part in?

A man is prescribed an enzymatic drug with cytochrome C. This enzyme intensifies the following process:

During acute hemorrhage the body loses not only fluid but also electrolytes what substance solution can be used as A simple blood substitute?

To loose some weight women has been limiting the amount of protein in her diet. Three months later she developed edemas and her diuresis increased. What dietary components deficiency is the cause of this?

During autopsy of the body of a man who had been suffering from mitral stenosis the lungs revealed to be dense and Brown colored what pathologic process had occurred in the lungs?

Renal examination shows the kidney to be swollen and plethoric, with easily removable capsule. Renal pelvis and calyces are dilated and filled with turbid urine; their mucosa is dull and has hemorrhagic foci. On section the renal tissue is variegated, there are yellow-gray areas surrounded with plethoric and hemorrhagic zone. What disease can be characterized by such results of macroscopic examination?

An conscious young man in the state of morphine intoxication has been brought into an admission room. The patients respiration is slow and shallow due to suppression of the respiratory center. What kind of respiratory failure occurred in this case?

Those organisms, which in the process of evolution failed to develop protection from H2o2, can exist only in anaerobic conditions. Which of the following enzymes can break down hydrogen peroxide?

A patient with periodontitis of the lower molar came to the doctor. It was determined that the inflammatory process spread to the lymph nodes. What lymph nodes were the first to be affected by the inflammatory process?

Experimental stimulation off sympathetic nerve branches that innervate heart caused an increase in the force of heart contraction’s because the membrane of typical cardiomyocytes permitted an increase in:

A 40 year old woman with Cushing disease has steroid diabetes, biochemical examination shows hyperglycemia and hyperchloremia. what process activates in the first place in such patient?

Therapeutics unit of a hospital received man suffering from hyperacid peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. Which of the listed group of drugs must be used as a part of the complex therapy for this patient?"

As a result of a craniocerebral injury, patient presents with decreased skin sensitivity. What area of the cerebral cortex is likely to be damaged?

A bioterrorist mailed and enveloped with the powder that is suspected to contain anthrax causitive agent. This envelop can remain dangerous for a long time, because anthrax causative agent agent:

Prolonged taking of a certain medicine can result in osteoporosis, gastric mucosal erosions, hypokalemia. Sodium and water retention, and decreased blood content of corticotropine. Specify this medicine:

A newborn presents with weak suckling. frequent vomiting, and hypotonia. Blood and urine citrulline are very high. What metabolic process is disturbed?

A man with constant headache pain in the occipital region tinnitus, dizziness has been admitted to the cardiology department. objectively his blood pressure is 180/110mm Hg, heart rate 95/min. Radiographically there is a stenosis of one of the renal arteries. Hypertensive condition in the patient has been caused by the activation of the following system:

Typical manifestations of poisoning caused by C. botulinum are double vision, abnormal functioning of the swallowing and breathing. These symptoms develop as a result of:

A 30-year-old patient's blood test Revealed the following: erythrocyte count is 6. 10/L. hemoglobin is 10.55 mmol/L. Vaquez's disease was diagnosed. Name the leading part of the pathogenesis in this case:

A patient complaints that at the bare mention of the tragic events that once occurred in his life he experiences tachycardia ,dyspnea and an abrupt rise in the pressure .what structures of the CNS Are responsible for these cardiorespiratory reactions in the patient?

A 35-year-old patient has been Administered a depolarizing muscle relaxant during a surgery. Name this drug:

A risk of cerebral edema arose in a Narcotized patient. What drug should be administered in this case?

A 30-year-old woman-exhibits Signs of virilism (growth of body hair, balding temples, menstrual disorders). This condition can be caused by the overproduction of the following hormone:

Old burial ground for animal refuse which has not been in use for the last 50 years, is planned to be given for housing development. However, the soil analyses detected valuable spores of a causative agent of an extremely dangerous disease. What microorganism is the most likely to remain in the soil for such long periods of time?

An experiment was aimed at testing the flexor reflex in a spinal frog, which was initiated by simultaneous stimulation with isolated pre-Threshold electrical impulses. The frequency of those impulses was such, that the reflex occurred. What process in the nerve centers can be observed during this experiment?

Depression an emotional disturbance result from the lack of noradrenaline . serotonin and other biogenic amines in the brain . Their levels in the synapses can be increased through administration of antidepressants that inhibit the following enzyme:

During ascent into mountains a person developed increased respiration rate and rapid heart rate. What is the cause of these changes?

Investigation of an isolated cardiac myocyte determined that it does not generate excitation impulses automatically, which means this cardiac myocyte was obtained from the following cardiac structure:

A 37-year-old woman complains of headache, vertigo, troubled sleep, numbness of limbs. For the last 6 years she has been working at the gas- discharge lamp-producing factory in a lead-processing shop. Blood test findings: low hemoglobin and RBC levels, serum iron concentration several times exceeds. The norm. Specify the type of anemia:

A family of healthy students, who have arrived from Africa, gave birth to a child with signs of anemia. The child died shortly after. Examination revealed that the child's erythrocytes were abnormally crescent-shaped. The disease has autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Determine the genotype of the child's parents:

A 12-year-old child has developed nephritic syndrome 2 weeks after a case of tonsillitis, which is a sign of affected glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys. What mechanism is the most likely to cause the basement membrane damage?

A 65-year-old woman, who had been suffering from deep vein thrombophlebitis of the lower leg suddenly died when awaiting her appointment with the doctor Autopsy revealed loose friable red masses with corrugated dull surface in the main pulmonary artery and its bifurcation. What pathologic process was discovered by the pathologist in the pulmonary artery?

18 year old patient has developed candidiasis after the case of pneumonia treated with beta lactam antibiotic. What antimycotic should be prescribed?

A 6-year-old child suffers from delayed growth, disrupted ossification processes, decalcification of the teeth. What can be the cause?

A patient presents with steatorrhea, His disorder can be linked to disturbed supply of the intestine with the following substances:

A patient has gradually developed skin plaque on his face. In the center of this plaque there are a necrotic patch and in ulcer. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy material reveals proliferation of atypical epithelial cells with large number of pathologic mitoses What is the most likely diagnosis?

A person becomes less receptive to pain in physically or emotionally straining situations due to activation of:

A patient has cardiac rhythm disturbance. ECG shows heart rate of 60/min., prolongation of PQ interval periodical loss of QRS complex. What cardiac rhythm disturbance is it?

Against the background of prolonged heparin treatment, the patient developed gastric bleeding. What specific heparin antidote must be used in this case?

Autopsy of the body of a 9-year-old child shows numerous irregular defects of varying depth with uneven margins and gray-white films tightly attached to the underlying tissue on the rectal mucosa. What disease can be suspected?

A 30-year-old man with diabetes mellitus type I was hospitalized. The patient is comatose. Laboratory tests revealed hyperglycemia and ketonemia. What metabolic disorder can be detected in this patient?

(30) Parents of a 5-year-old sick girl came to the genetic consultancy. Examination of the child's karyotype shows 46 chromosome. One of the chromosomes in the 15th pair is longer than normal, because it has a fragment of 21st chromosome attached to it. What type of mutation is observed in the girl?

After dehelmintization, a 35-year-old man passed a 3.5 m tapeworm during a bowel movement. A stool examination reveals scolex with four suckers and hooks. Mature proglottids are static with up to 12 primary uterine branches. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A specimen of a parenchymal organ shows poorly delineated hexagonal lobules surrounding a central vein. The intralobular connective tissue contains embedded triads (and artery and vein and an excretory duct ) what organ is it?

An unconscious man was brought the admission room. He presents with cold skin, constricted pupils, difficult respiration with Cheyne-Stokes pattern, low blood pressure, overfilled urinary bladder. He was diagnosed with morphine poisoning. What drug should the patient be given as an antagonist in this case?

During cholecystectomy besides cystic another artery was pulled into the ligature. Ligation of this artery resulted in right-sided necrosis of the liver which led to the death of the patient. What artery was mistakenly ligated along with a cystic?

Histological examination of the biopsy material obtained from the lower third of the esophagus of 57 year old man with the signs of continuous reflux revealed the change of the stratified squamous epithelium to the single layer columnar glandular epithelium with signs of mucus production. Specify the pathological process in the mucuos membrane.

A 9 year old boy an acute onset of the disease sore throat, body temperature of 39°5°c .On the second day diffuse skin rash detected all over his skin except for the nasolabial triangle. Examination of oral cavity shows crimson tongue , flaming pharynx , necrotic tonsillitis. What diagnosis is most likely?

A 35 year old man complains of a severe rhinitis and a loss of the sense of smell for a week. Examination detected in the nasal cavity a large amount of mucus that covered the mucosa and blocked the olfactory receptors. Where in the nasal cavity are these receptors located?

A patient has problems with motor function of the tongue, which indicates a pathology of the following nerve:

The first-aid center has received a victim of a traffic accident diagnosed with closed displaced fracture of the middle third of the thigh. For repositioning of bone fragments the patient received 10 Ml of 2% dithylinum solution intravenously, which resulted in prolonged period of apnea and muscle relaxation. What enzyme is deficient, resulting in such pharmacogenetic enzymopathy?

Patient for a long time was on imbalance diet low in proteins which resulted in hepatic fatty infiltration. this condition is likely to develop if a certain substance is absent in a persons diet . Name the substance:

Patients with hereditary defect of heme-synthesizing enzymes have red urine and skin that is very sensitive to sunlight. What hemoglobin metabolites accumulate in these patients, causing these signs?

A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury(II) chloride in the amount of 5 mg/kg. 24 hours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What mechanism of retention azotemia is observed in this case?

Autopsy of a man, who served in a nuclear submarine, revealed the following pathologies: bone marrow atrophy (panmyelophthisis), anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytes disintegration in the lymph nodes, spleen, gastrointestinal lymphatic system, and hemorrhages into the adrenal glands. What disease developed in this case?

A 15-year-old teenager complains general weakness, dizziness, and rapid fatigability. Examination detected deformed erythrocytes, their number is decreased. The provisional diagnosis of sickle-cell anemia was made. What amino acid replacement in hemoglobin causes the development of this pathological condition?

A 62-year-old patient has been hospitalized due to massive cerebral hemorrhage. Blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg. heart rate is 120/min., respiratory rate is 4/min., unconscious, no response to external stimuli. Such condition can be determined as:

Due to a case of diphtheria, preventive immunization of the whole contact group of students is necessary What preparation should be used to produce artificial active immunity?

A patient After disrupted cerebral circulation has developed paralysis, choose the anticholinesterase drug to be prescribed in this case

The obstetrician-gynecologist measuring the pelvis of a pregnant woman. A caliper was used to measure the distance between her iliac crests. What pelvic size was measured?

The cells of these living organisms have no membranous organelles and their genetic material has no nucleus organization. Name these living organisms:

A 43-year-old patient suffers from acute Pancreatitis with disturbed common bile duct patency. What condition can develop in this case?

Poisoning caused by botulinum toxin that prevents calcium ions from entering axon nerve endings of motoneurons is life-threatening because it can lead to:

Influenza progression was later accompanied by respiratory mycoplasmosis in a 12- year-old boy. What type of infection developed in this case?

A 3-year-old child has been brought ambulance to the intensive care unit of the infectious diseases hospital. On examination the child is in severe condition, skin and mucosa are dry tissue turgor is reduced. The patient's history states that profuse diarrhea and recurrent vomiting were observed throughout the previous day after the child had eaten food products of poor quality. What type of salt and water imbalance is likely to have developed in the patient?

Examination of the femoral bone detected chronic suppurative inflammation of the compact substance and bone marrow, formation of bone sequestrate. What disease is associated with such changes?

An 11-year-old girl is brought to the doctor's office by her mother who states that her daughter has been presenting with weakness and swollen face for 3 days. The mother claims that her daughter had always been healthy and active until the initiation of symptoms. Upon inquiry the girl describes a foamy appearance of her urine but denies blood in urine, urinary frequency at night, or pain during urination. Physical examination reveals generalized swelling of the face and pitting edema on the lower limbs. Laboratory study shows proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Which of the following is the most likely cause of findings in the laboratory study of urine?

Patients with ischemic heart disease are usually prescribed small doses of aspirin. This drug inhibits synthesis of platelet aggregation activator, thromboxane A2 substance is this activator synthesized from?

During histological analysis of the lymph node located in the posterior neck triangle of an 18-year-old patient, a morphologist detected a cluster of cells, among which there were isolated multinucleate Reed-Sternberg cells, large and small Hodgkin's cells, numerous lymphocytes isolated plasma cells, and eosinophils. What disease has developed in the patient?

A patient consulted a dentist about limited mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. what infection can cause these symptoms?

A 40 year old man with pulmonary tuberculosis was prescribed isoniazid. Prolonged taking of this drug can be result in the deficiency of vitamin?

A patient was diagnosed with alkaptonuria. This pathology is caused by a defect in the following enzyme:

Examination of the duodenal contents revealed there pear-shaped protozoa with two nuclei and four pairs of flagella. The organisms have two axostyles between the nuclei and a ventral adhesive disc. What protozoan representative was found in the patient?

An 18-year-old woman has disproportioned body, neck, underdeveloped ovaries, the nuclei of her buccal epithelium cells have bodies. What provisional diagnosis can be made in this case?

Blood pressure of an adult person has Cropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg. which caused a reflex vasoconstriction. In what organ will the vasoconstriction be minimal?

A 52-year-old man presents with fever and pain in the joints. Both of his first metatarsophalangeal articulations are deformed, swollen, and reddened. Blood urea is high. The patient is diagnosed with gout. What is the main developmental factor in the pathogenesis of this disease?

During examination of a patient a doctor should use anatomical division of anterior abdominal wall into regions for more precise diagnostics. How many such regions can abdomen be divided into?

An 18-year-old student presents with enlarged thyroid gland accompanied by accelerated metabolism and increased heart rate. These signs can be observed during hypersecretion of thyroxin. What organelles of thyroid cells are primarily responsible for hormone production and secretion?

The level of tissue excitability needs to Be measured in an experiment. For this purpose one should determine:

Signs of pellagra (vitamin PP deficiency) are particularly pronounced in patients with low protein diet, because in the human body the nicotinamide precursor is one of the essential amino acids. Name this amino acid:

A 40 year old woman during examination present with intensified basal metabolic rate. What hormone present in excess , leads to such condition?

A 60 year old with Chronic hepatitis frequently develops nosebleeds and bleeding gums, hemorrhagic rash spontaneously develops on his skin mucosa .What is the cause of this phenomena?

During local anesthetization the patient has gone into anaphylactic shock. What drug must be administered to the Patent?

A sample of ovoid non motile bacteria with bipolar staining was obtained from a patient. In the body they form a soft capsule. Inoculated on agar they grow Colonies with an off white Dead with a scalloped border resembling lace.They produce mice toxin what causative agent has such characteristics?

Leading terms of a primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal damage resulting in urolithiasis development. What substances make up the basis uroliths in such cases?

Patient with clinical signs of a primary immunodeficiency, presents with functionally disturb mechanism of antigen presentation to the immunocompetent cells . what cells that are likely to have structural defect?

Coronary artery thrombosis resulted in development of myocardial infarction. What mechanism of cell damage are leading in this disease?

A patient with signs of intestinal infection (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) has been presenting with increasing signs of intoxication for three days. Papular rash appeared on the uncovered skin areas and spread to the torso. A doctor suspects pseudotuberculosis. What laboratory test allows confirming this diagnosis within the first week after the onset of disease?

Four months after a stroke, a man was brought in for rehabilitation with signs of central paralysis. Objectively, his right arm and leg are immobile, their muscle tone is increased, local reflexes are intensified. What term should be used to describe the patient's condition in this case?

A patient with myocardial infarction in the acute phase has been hospitalized into the cardiology unit. To induce platelet lysis in the patient's coronary vessels during the early hours of infarction, the following enzyme should be used:

A patient complains of acute increase in diuresis (up to 5-7 liters of urine per 24 hours). Examination revealed decreased secretion of vasopressin in this patient. What cells have insufficient secretory activity in this case?