Introduction: Blood transfusion became a relatively practicable procedure and one of the most commonly therapies used in the Emergency Department for various acute pathologies potential life threatening.

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and particularities of blood transfusions in the Emergency Department, according to their causes and frequency, the predominant ages and the area where the patients are living.

Material and methods: We led a retrospective observational study on a total of 131,941 patients presented at the Emergency Department of Sibiu in 2017 and 2018 establishing the pathologies most liable to this type of treatment, the people at risk and their particularities.

Results: Out of the total of 524 people transfused in the 2 years, the female predominance was of 54.96%, out of which 69.08% came from urban areas than from rural ones. Analysing the most important transfused pathologies, anaemias still occupy the first position with 35.87%, having as the most popular form the iron deficiency anaemia (22.87%), followed by upper digestive haemorrhages (26.71%), cancerous tumours (20.03%) when trauma only occupy 7,06%. The ages most affected to this procedure are those over 60 years (72.9%), with the highest incidence of patients over 70 years (46.75%).

Conclusions: Just as literature studies show, iron deficiency anaemia is still the most common anaemia in the Emergency Department and the one for which most transfusions have been performed. There are no significant differences between the two genders, but there is an important one between urban and rural environments due to risk factors such as stress, diet, obesity, pollution, sedentary lifestyle. Older people over the age of 70 are the most common candidates for blood transfusions followed closely by those between 61-70 years and still being a low need for blood transfusions for young people. Upper digestive haemorrhages are one of the most frequently transfused pathology because patients come to the Emergency Department with dramatic symptoms. In the same time, a very small number of trauma cases have been transfused, which still indicates that there is no habit of using blood transfusions in trauma, although they can increase the survival rate. What can we can more emphasize, is that an adequate screening could determine a better management of the chronic pathologies, who could not reach the Emergency Unit for transfusions.