Introduction: Congenital Genitourinary Abnormalities (CGA) are birth defects that are very common and predispose patients to many complications, including infection, obstruction, stasis, calculus formation, and impaired renal function.CGA may lead to nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney failure, or chronic kidney failure. CGA often have poor birth outcomes owing to the limited experience of physicians in developing countries regarding antenatal and postnatal diagnosis.

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate trends in the incidence and features of epidemiology for CGA among children under the age of 1 year for the period between 2014 and 2020 in Ukraine.

Materials and methods: The population-based case-control study design was conducted using the data of Center for Health Statistics (Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine) and State Statistics Service of Ukraine, which contains detailed information about children’s health supplied by health professionals. The data of children under the age of 1 year delivered between 2014 and 2020 were collected for this retrospective study. Children with renal hypoplasia, polycystic kidney disease, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and other kidney disorders were classified as having congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Hypospadias, indeterminate sex, and undescended testicles (UT) were included as genital anomalies. The resultant trends were described by the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC). The AAPC was estimated using the slope of the linear trend line fitted to the incidence rates by year of diagnosis.

Results: During the study period (2014–2020), there were 10 704 cases of CAKUT were reported, an average incidence of 4.33 (standard error (SE) – 0,12) per 1000 children under the age of 1 year. The sex ratio (boys/girls) was 1.7. There were 5 185 cases of UT, an average incidence of 2.11 (SE – 0,03) per 1000 children under the age of 1 year. The age-standardized incidence of CAKUT was 4.22 in 2014, 4.35 in 2015, 4.56 in 2016, 4.93 in 2017, 4.21 in 2018, 4.0 in 2019, 4.01 in 2020 (cases per 1000 children under the age of 1 year). The age-standardized incidence of UT was 2.2 in 2014, 2.08 in 2015, 2.02 in 2016, 2.01 in 2017, 2.09 in 2018, 2.24 in 2019, 2.11 in 2020 (cases per 1000 children under the age of 1 year). The age-standardized incidence of CAKUT and UT remained stable (CAKUT AAPC: – 0,00851%; UT AAPC: – 0,00696%).

Conclusions: In this study, we found that the rate of overall CGA incidence remained stable over the study period in Ukraine.