Introduction: Seminoma, both in Ukraine and in the world, is the most common type of testicular tumors. Although testicular cancer is not the first in cancer (1.0-1.5% of all male tumors), but the relevance of this pathology is the defeat of the young male population, and as a consequence, the deterioration of quality of life and financial damage to the state. Most etiopathogenetic factors of seminoma are already known. But according to statistics, despite the available information, no action is taken to reduce the incidence of this cancer. In particular, only in 2018 Sumy region ranked sixth in the incidence of malignant testicular tumors.

Aim: To compare statistical data on the prevalence of testicular cancer in Sumy region and in Ukraine as a whole and to investigate the morphological features of male semen in Sumy region.

Materials and methods: We used the statistics of the Sumy Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary to analyze the incidence of malignant testicular tumors among the male population of Ukraine and Sumy region in the period from 2011 to 2019; paraffin blocks with pathologically altered testicular tissue of sick men for the preparation of histological preparations.

Results: During the selected time period, we observed a tendency to increase the incidence of testicular cancer in Sumy region with a decrease in the average in Ukraine. In particular, in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, the number of first-time patients (per 100 thousand population) in the country was 3.06, 2.87, 3.11, 2.83, 2.67, 3.31, 2.64, 2.4, 2.68, 2.73, respectively, ie there is a tendency to reduce the incidence. However, contrary to the average Ukrainian indicators in Sumy region, on the contrary, the incidence increased – 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 year it was 3.68, 2.31, 2.79, 3.05, 3, 31 3.82, 4.33, 2.88, 1.96 people per 100 thousand population, respectively. That is, from 2013-2014, the number of newly diagnosed cases of testicular cancer in Sumy region is increasing compared to Ukraine. At the same time, the main group of patients was aged from 25 to 39 years. Since the vast majority of testicular tumors are represented by seminomas (50%), we studied its histological features. Bright rounded tumor cells with numerous pathological mitoses in the nuclei were observed on the obtained preparations with semen. Seminoma tissue is divided by connective tissue fibers into fields, which are tumor cells with foci of necrosis, pseudocysts, hemorrhages on the background of diffuse lymphocytic infiltration. In some places it is possible to detect the formation of new vessels by budding.

Conclusions: According to research, it was found that during the study period, the average incidence of testicular cancer decreased, but the number of newly diagnosed patients in the Sumy region in recent years is growing. There is a clear relationship between men’s age and the incidence of this cancer.